Discussion Essay Introduction
Writing a discussion essay is a vital skill for academic English and IELTS Writing Task 2. This type of essay requires you to present both sides of an argument, then provide your own opinion in a clear, structured way. You could be preparing for a test or improving your academic writing skills; mastering the discussion essay format can help you achieve higher marks.
In this guide, we’ll explore how to plan, structure, and write a discussion essay — step by step — with practical tips and examples.
What Is a Discussion Essay?
A discussion essay (also known as a "for and against essay" or "balanced argument essay") asks you to present arguments on both sides of an issue. You’ll often see it in IELTS with instructions like:
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Your task is to:
- Present both sides of the argument
- Show a clear understanding of each view
- Offer your personal opinion (clearly marked)
- Use linking words and logical paragraph structure
Essay Structure: How to Organise Your Discussion Essay
A well-structured essay will help the reader follow your argument and improve your score in exams like IELTS. Here's a typical structure:
1. Introduction
- Paraphrase the question
- Mention both views
- State your opinion (optional here or in conclusion)
2. Body Paragraph 1 – Discuss Viewpoint A
- Topic sentence
- Supporting ideas
- Example or evidence
- Link to next paragraph
3. Body Paragraph 2 – Discuss Viewpoint B
- Topic sentence
- Supporting ideas
- Example or evidence
- Link to conclusion
4. Conclusion
- Summarise both views
- Restate your opinion clearly
- Optional: final thought or recommendation
🧠 Example Question and Breakdown
Let’s look at a sample IELTS-style prompt:
“Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others believe there are better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
🔹 Introduction Example:
Crime is a major issue in many countries. Some argue that increasing prison sentences is the most effective way to reduce crime, while others believe that social and educational reforms would be more successful. This essay will discuss both perspectives before giving a personal view.
🔹 Body Paragraph 1 – Longer Prison Sentences:
Supporters of longer prison sentences believe they act as a strong deterrent. When criminals know they may spend many years behind bars, they might think twice before committing a crime. Furthermore, removing dangerous individuals from society protects the public. For instance, repeat offenders are less likely to reoffend if incarcerated for longer periods.
🔹 Body Paragraph 2 – Alternative Methods:
However, others argue that prevention is better than punishment. Investing in education, social support, and community programmes can tackle the root causes of crime such as poverty and lack of opportunity. A study in Norway, for example, showed that rehabilitation programmes led to lower reoffending rates than strict prison sentences.
🔹 Conclusion:
In conclusion, while longer prison terms may prevent some crimes, I believe that addressing the causes of criminal behaviour through education and support offers a more sustainable solution in the long run.
Planning Your Essay
Before you start writing, spend 5–10 minutes planning:
- Understand the question. Identify both sides of the argument.
- Decide your opinion. Are you neutral or do you prefer one side?
- Make a quick outline. Jot down ideas for each paragraph.
Useful Language and Linking Words
➕ To Add Information
- Furthermore
- In addition
- Moreover
🔁 To Contrast Ideas
- However
- On the other hand
- Although
- Whereas
✅ To Give an Opinion
- I believe that…
- In my opinion…
- I would argue that…
🧾 To Give Examples
- For example
- For instance
- Such as
Need more help? Check out our guide on Linking Words for Essays for more examples and usage.
Common Mistakes to Avoid 🚫
- Only writing about one side – You must cover both arguments.
- No clear opinion – The question requires your personal view.
- Poor paragraphing – Each paragraph should focus on one idea.
- Too informal – Avoid casual language; stay academic.
- Repeating the same words – Use synonyms to show range.
Practice Activity
Choose one of the following topics and write a discussion essay plan:
- "Some people believe children should start school earlier. Others think it is better to begin later."
- "Many believe technology improves communication. Others feel it harms real relationships."
Tip: Use the structure we outlined above and time yourself for 40 minutes – just like the IELTS Writing Task 2.
